Linux SCI. Rate this project. Daphile Daphile is a Gentoo-based Linux distribution whose primary focus is in storage and playback of a digital music library. It also enables the best possible audio quality and future-proof flexibility by providing plug-and-play support for USB connected digital-to-analog converters DAC. The new release updates the Linux kernel and ads several new features: " version Download MD5 : daphile iso MB , daphile iso MB.

Glen MacArthur has announced the release of AV Linux MX org at version 3. iso 3,MB, SHA , signature , pkglist. A separate release, MXDE-EFL TrueNAS SCALE is a Deban-based network attached storage NAS operating system. The project's latest release, TrueNAS SCALE It adds API authentication when using Directory Services.

This feature is a first step toward improving the local accounts feature and additional improvements are being planned for future SCALE updates. Adds a bulk Upgrade operation that updates installed applications that have available updates, adds new apps to the Available Applications catalog, and implements the overlayfs driver for Docker which improves performance over the Linux Kubernetes driver.

Download SHA : TrueNAS-SCALE iso 1,MB, signature. XeroLinux , a distribution added to DistroWatch recently, has been updated to version XeroLinux is based on Arch Linux and uses KDE Plasma as the preferred desktop. Some of the features of the distribution include the Calamares installer, various under-the-hood tweaks and optimisations, built-in support for community-built AUR packages as well as Flatpak packages, and the availability of various desktop and bootloader themes developed in-house.

The project's files page on SourceForge lists some of the recent changes: " A new ISO image is now live. Important changes: MHWD Manjaro's Hardware Detection removed due to issues; Grub is now being used for booting the live ISO image, no more systemd boot; major under-the-hood performance optimizations made to KDE Plasma; XeroLinux Hello updated with more packages and drivers now using a script. System and package updates: Arch Linux kernel updated to version 6. iso 2,MB. Kaisen Linux is a rolling release, Debian-based desktop distribution.

The project aims to be useful for IT professionals and includes a set of tools for system administration. The project's latest release is version 2. It was since the first release of Kaisen Linux the default terminal, but the majority of users asked for the return of Bash by default, which has been done on this release. Several polls on the different social network pages have been done for this. However, it is still installed as it was before with oh-my-zsh , and it is possible to reset it to the default.

The documentation is here: ZSH on Kaisen Linux. The Conky theme is no longer installed by default with the GUIs, but is a separate package named kaisen-conky, which is no longer installed by default. The reason for this is that user feedback was not unanimous about the default presence of Conky on Kaisen Linux and therefore it is now considered a 'goodie' and can be installed optionally.

Download SHA , pkglist : kaisenlinuxrolling2. iso 5,MB , kaisenlinuxrolling2. iso 5,MB. This week in DistroWatch Weekly : Review: OpenBSD 7. New additions: risiOS New distributions: Vanilla OS Reader comments Read more in this week's issue of DistroWatch Weekly The developers of Puppy Linux, a lightweight distribution which can be assembled to be compatible with a variety of parent distributions, have published a Slackware-based version of Puppy Linux.

It is compatible with the Slackware Linux The release announcement shares key details: " S15Pup is built from a 'Puppy builder' system named Woof-CE, which can build a Puppy Linux distribution from the binary packages of any other distro. Each 'Puppy distro' built by Woof-CE is a distinctive distribution in its own right, with unique features.

S15Pup is built from Slackware Linux It is available in both bit and bit versions. Features include: traditional Puppy Linux look and feel and features; Linux kernels from the LTS branches of 5 series - 5.

iso MB, pkglist. The deepin project has published a new update to the distribution's x series. The new version, What is more, we have upgraded Qt to version 5.

Besides that, we have developed and integrated a great number of practical functions based on the community users' feedback. The new self-developed information-aggregation application, Deepin Home, in version 1.

Here you can receive community news in real time, interact and communicate with others, participate in questionnaires, etc. In the future, we will establish a perfect tracking system for requirements and bugs, and special feedback channels for software and hardware to make it better for community users.

Download: deepin-desktop-community iso 3,MB, SHA , pkglist. Kali Linux is a Debian-based distribution with a collection of security and forensics tools. The Kali team has released Kali Linux Today we are publishing Kali Linux This is ready for immediate download or updating existing installations.

It would not be a Kali release if there were not any new tools added. A quick rundown of what has been added to the network repositories : bloodhound. These are new tools, there are numerous updates to the existing tools. Download SHA , pkglist : kali-linux iso 3,MB, torrent , kali-linux iso MB, torrent.

The Linux Mint team have announced the launch of a development snapshot, Linux Mint Some of the key adjustments involve making software management a smoother experience.

Download pkglist : linuxmint iso 2,MB, SHA , signature , torrent , linuxmint iso 2,MB, SHA , signature , torrent. Glen Barber has announced the release of FreeBSD x branch: " The FreeBSD Release Engineering team is pleased to announce the availability of FreeBSD Some of the highlights: the ena 4 kernel driver has been updated to 2.

FreeBSD Download pkglist : FreeBSD iso MB, SHA , FreeBSD iso MB, SHA This week in DistroWatch Weekly : Review: CachyOS and AgarimOS News: openSUSE phasing out older bit CPUs, openSUSE Sponsored Listing. Featured Distribution: 3CX Phone System.

November 30, Virtual Event. November 18, Annual Water Conference — In-Person and Online. We believe in the power of good information to build a brighter future for California. Help support our mission. Mark Baldassare , Dean Bonner , Rachel Lawler , and Deja Thomas. Supported with funding from the Arjay and Frances F. Miller Foundation and the James Irvine Foundation. California voters have now received their mail ballots, and the November 8 general election has entered its final stage.

Amid rising prices and economic uncertainty—as well as deep partisan divisions over social and political issues—Californians are processing a great deal of information to help them choose state constitutional officers and state legislators and to make policy decisions about state propositions.

The midterm election also features a closely divided Congress, with the likelihood that a few races in California may determine which party controls the US House. These are among the key findings of a statewide survey on state and national issues conducted from October 14 to 23 by the Public Policy Institute of California:.

Today, there is a wide partisan divide: seven in ten Democrats are optimistic about the direction of the state, while 91 percent of Republicans and 59 percent of independents are pessimistic. Californians are much more pessimistic about the direction of the country than they are about the direction of the state.

Majorities across all demographic groups and partisan groups, as well as across regions, are pessimistic about the direction of the United States.

A wide partisan divide exists: most Democrats and independents say their financial situation is about the same as a year ago, while solid majorities of Republicans say they are worse off.

Regionally, about half in the San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles say they are about the same, while half in the Central Valley say they are worse off; residents elsewhere are divided between being worse off and the same. The shares saying they are worse off decline as educational attainment increases.

Strong majorities across partisan groups feel negatively, but Republicans and independents are much more likely than Democrats to say the economy is in poor shape. Today, majorities across partisan, demographic, and regional groups say they are following news about the gubernatorial election either very or fairly closely. In the upcoming November 8 election, there will be seven state propositions for voters.

Due to time constraints, our survey only asked about three ballot measures: Propositions 26, 27, and For each, we read the proposition number, ballot, and ballot label.

Two of the state ballot measures were also included in the September survey Propositions 27 and 30 , while Proposition 26 was not. This measure would allow in-person sports betting at racetracks and tribal casinos, requiring that racetracks and casinos offering sports betting make certain payments to the state to support state regulatory costs.

It also allows roulette and dice games at tribal casinos and adds a new way to enforce certain state gambling laws. Fewer than half of likely voters say the outcome of each of these state propositions is very important to them. Today, 21 percent of likely voters say the outcome of Prop 26 is very important, 31 percent say the outcome of Prop 27 is very important, and 42 percent say the outcome of Prop 30 is very important.

Today, when it comes to the importance of the outcome of Prop 26, one in four or fewer across partisan groups say it is very important to them. About one in three across partisan groups say the outcome of Prop 27 is very important to them. Fewer than half across partisan groups say the outcome of Prop 30 is very important to them.

When asked how they would vote if the election for the US House of Representatives were held today, 56 percent of likely voters say they would vote for or lean toward the Democratic candidate, while 39 percent would vote for or lean toward the Republican candidate.

Democratic candidates are preferred by a point margin in Democratic-held districts, while Republican candidates are preferred by a point margin in Republican-held districts. Abortion is another prominent issue in this election. When asked about the importance of abortion rights, 61 percent of likely voters say the issue is very important in determining their vote for Congress and another 20 percent say it is somewhat important; just 17 percent say it is not too or not at all important.

With the controlling party in Congress hanging in the balance, 51 percent of likely voters say they are extremely or very enthusiastic about voting for Congress this year; another 29 percent are somewhat enthusiastic while 19 percent are either not too or not at all enthusiastic. Today, Democrats and Republicans have about equal levels of enthusiasm, while independents are much less likely to be extremely or very enthusiastic.

As Californians prepare to vote in the upcoming midterm election, fewer than half of adults and likely voters are satisfied with the way democracy is working in the United States—and few are very satisfied.

Satisfaction was higher in our February survey when 53 percent of adults and 48 percent of likely voters were satisfied with democracy in America. Today, half of Democrats and about four in ten independents are satisfied, compared to about one in five Republicans.

Notably, four in ten Republicans are not at all satisfied. In addition to the lack of satisfaction with the way democracy is working, Californians are divided about whether Americans of different political positions can still come together and work out their differences. Forty-nine percent are optimistic, while 46 percent are pessimistic. Today, in a rare moment of bipartisan agreement, about four in ten Democrats, Republicans, and independents are optimistic that Americans of different political views will be able to come together.

Notably, in , half or more across parties, regions, and demographic groups were optimistic. Today, about eight in ten Democrats—compared to about half of independents and about one in ten Republicans—approve of Governor Newsom. Across demographic groups, about half or more approve of how Governor Newsom is handling his job. Approval of Congress among adults has been below 40 percent for all of after seeing a brief run above 40 percent for all of Democrats are far more likely than Republicans to approve of Congress.

Fewer than half across regions and demographic groups approve of Congress. Approval in March was at 44 percent for adults and 39 percent for likely voters. Across demographic groups, about half or more approve among women, younger adults, African Americans, Asian Americans, and Latinos. Views are similar across education and income groups, with just fewer than half approving.

Approval in March was at 41 percent for adults and 36 percent for likely voters. Across regions, approval reaches a majority only in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Across demographic groups, approval reaches a majority only among African Americans. This map highlights the five geographic regions for which we present results; these regions account for approximately 90 percent of the state population. Residents of other geographic areas in gray are included in the results reported for all adults, registered voters, and likely voters, but sample sizes for these less-populous areas are not large enough to report separately.

The PPIC Statewide Survey is directed by Mark Baldassare, president and CEO and survey director at the Public Policy Institute of California. Coauthors of this report include survey analyst Deja Thomas, who was the project manager for this survey; associate survey director and research fellow Dean Bonner; and survey analyst Rachel Lawler. The Californians and Their Government survey is supported with funding from the Arjay and Frances F.

Findings in this report are based on a survey of 1, California adult residents, including 1, interviewed on cell phones and interviewed on landline telephones. The sample included respondents reached by calling back respondents who had previously completed an interview in PPIC Statewide Surveys in the last six months. Interviews took an average of 19 minutes to complete. Interviewing took place on weekend days and weekday nights from October 14—23, Cell phone interviews were conducted using a computer-generated random sample of cell phone numbers.

Additionally, we utilized a registration-based sample RBS of cell phone numbers for adults who are registered to vote in California. All cell phone numbers with California area codes were eligible for selection. After a cell phone user was reached, the interviewer verified that this person was age 18 or older, a resident of California, and in a safe place to continue the survey e.

Cell phone respondents were offered a small reimbursement to help defray the cost of the call. Cell phone interviews were conducted with adults who have cell phone service only and with those who have both cell phone and landline service in the household. Landline interviews were conducted using a computer-generated random sample of telephone numbers that ensured that both listed and unlisted numbers were called.

Additionally, we utilized a registration-based sample RBS of landline phone numbers for adults who are registered to vote in California. All landline telephone exchanges in California were eligible for selection. For both cell phones and landlines, telephone numbers were called as many as eight times. When no contact with an individual was made, calls to a number were limited to six. Also, to increase our ability to interview Asian American adults, we made up to three additional calls to phone numbers estimated by Survey Sampling International as likely to be associated with Asian American individuals.

Accent on Languages, Inc. The survey sample was closely comparable to the ACS figures. To estimate landline and cell phone service in California, Abt Associates used state-level estimates released by the National Center for Health Statistics—which used data from the National Health Interview Survey NHIS and the ACS.

The estimates for California were then compared against landline and cell phone service reported in this survey. We also used voter registration data from the California Secretary of State to compare the party registration of registered voters in our sample to party registration statewide.

The sampling error, taking design effects from weighting into consideration, is ±3. This means that 95 times out of , the results will be within 3. The sampling error for unweighted subgroups is larger: for the 1, registered voters, the sampling error is ±4. For the sampling errors of additional subgroups, please see the table at the end of this section. Sampling error is only one type of error to which surveys are subject. Results may also be affected by factors such as question wording, question order, and survey timing.

We present results for five geographic regions, accounting for approximately 90 percent of the state population. Residents of other geographic areas are included in the results reported for all adults, registered voters, and likely voters, but sample sizes for these less-populous areas are not large enough to report separately.

We also present results for congressional districts currently held by Democrats or Republicans, based on residential zip code and party of the local US House member. We compare the opinions of those who report they are registered Democrats, registered Republicans, and no party preference or decline-to-state or independent voters; the results for those who say they are registered to vote in other parties are not large enough for separate analysis.

We also analyze the responses of likely voters—so designated per their responses to survey questions about voter registration, previous election participation, intentions to vote this year, attention to election news, and current interest in politics. The percentages presented in the report tables and in the questionnaire may not add to due to rounding.

Additional details about our methodology can be found at www. pdf and are available upon request through surveys ppic. October 14—23, 1, California adult residents; 1, California likely voters English, Spanish.

Margin of error ±3. Percentages may not add up to due to rounding. Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that Gavin Newsom is handling his job as governor of California? Overall, do you approve or disapprove of the way that the California Legislature is handling its job? Do you think things in California are generally going in the right direction or the wrong direction? Thinking about your own personal finances—would you say that you and your family are financially better off, worse off, or just about the same as a year ago?

Next, some people are registered to vote and others are not. Are you absolutely certain that you are registered to vote in California?

Are you registered as a Democrat, a Republican, another party, or are you registered as a decline-to-state or independent voter? Would you call yourself a strong Republican or not a very strong Republican? Do you think of yourself as closer to the Republican Party or Democratic Party?

Which one of the seven state propositions on the November 8 ballot are you most interested in? Initiative Constitutional Amendment and Statute. It allows in-person sports betting at racetracks and tribal casinos, and requires that racetracks and casinos that offer sports betting to make certain payments to the state—such as to support state regulatory costs.

The fiscal impact is increased state revenues, possibly reaching tens of millions of dollars annually. Some of these revenues would support increased state regulatory and enforcement costs that could reach the low tens of millions of dollars annually.

If the election were held today, would you vote yes or no on Proposition 26? Initiative Constitutional Amendment. It allows Indian tribes and affiliated businesses to operate online and mobile sports wagering outside tribal lands. It directs revenues to regulatory costs, homelessness programs, and nonparticipating tribes.

Docker can build images automatically by reading the instructions from a Dockerfile. A Dockerfile is a text document that contains all the commands a user could call on the command line to assemble an image. This page describes the commands you can use in a Dockerfile. The instruction is not case-sensitive. However, convention is for them to be UPPERCASE to distinguish them from arguments more easily.

Docker runs instructions in a Dockerfile in order. A Dockerfile must begin with a FROM instruction. This may be after parser directives , comments , and globally scoped ARGs. The FROM instruction specifies the Parent Image from which you are building.

FROM may only be preceded by one or more ARG instructions, which declare arguments that are used in FROM lines in the Dockerfile. Docker treats lines that begin with as a comment, unless the line is a valid parser directive. A marker anywhere else in a line is treated as an argument. This allows statements like:. Comment lines are removed before the Dockerfile instructions are executed, which means that the comment in the following example is not handled by the shell executing the echo command, and both examples below are equivalent:.

For backward compatibility, leading whitespace before comments and instructions such as RUN are ignored, but discouraged. Leading whitespace is not preserved in these cases, and the following examples are therefore equivalent:. Parser directives are optional, and affect the way in which subsequent lines in a Dockerfile are handled. Parser directives do not add layers to the build, and will not be shown as a build step.

A single directive may only be used once. Once a comment, empty line or builder instruction has been processed, Docker no longer looks for parser directives. Instead it treats anything formatted as a parser directive as a comment and does not attempt to validate if it might be a parser directive.

Therefore, all parser directives must be at the very top of a Dockerfile. Parser directives are not case-sensitive. However, convention is for them to be lowercase. Convention is also to include a blank line following any parser directives. Line continuation characters are not supported in parser directives. The unknown directive is treated as a comment due to not being recognized. In addition, the known directive is treated as a comment due to appearing after a comment which is not a parser directive.

Non line-breaking whitespace is permitted in a parser directive. Hence, the following lines are all treated identically:.

This feature is only available when using the BuildKit backend, and is ignored when using the classic builder backend. See Custom Dockerfile syntax page for more information. The escape directive sets the character used to escape characters in a Dockerfile. The escape character is used both to escape characters in a line, and to escape a newline. This allows a Dockerfile instruction to span multiple lines.

Note that regardless of whether the escape parser directive is included in a Dockerfile , escaping is not performed in a RUN command, except at the end of a line. Consider the following example which would fail in a non-obvious way on Windows. The result of this dockerfile is that second and third lines are considered a single instruction:.

By adding the escape parser directive, the following Dockerfile succeeds as expected with the use of natural platform semantics for file paths on Windows :.

Environment variables declared with the ENV statement can also be used in certain instructions as variables to be interpreted by the Dockerfile. Escapes are also handled for including variable-like syntax into a statement literally. In all cases, word can be any string, including additional environment variables. Example parsed representation is displayed after the :. Environment variables are supported by the following list of instructions in the Dockerfile :. Environment variable substitution will use the same value for each variable throughout the entire instruction.

In other words, in this example:. will result in def having a value of hello , not bye. However, ghi will have a value of bye because it is not part of the same instruction that set abc to bye. Before the docker CLI sends the context to the docker daemon, it looks for a file named. dockerignore in the root directory of the context.

If this file exists, the CLI modifies the context to exclude files and directories that match patterns in it. This helps to avoid unnecessarily sending large or sensitive files and directories to the daemon and potentially adding them to images using ADD or COPY.

The CLI interprets the. dockerignore file as a newline-separated list of patterns similar to the file globs of Unix shells. For the purposes of matching, the root of the context is considered to be both the working and the root directory. Neither excludes anything else. If a line in. dockerignore file starts with in column 1, then this line is considered as a comment and is ignored before interpreted by the CLI.

Match rules. A preprocessing step removes leading and trailing whitespace and eliminates. Lines that are blank after preprocessing are ignored. go will exclude all files that end with.

go that are found in all directories, including the root of the build context. Lines starting with! exclamation mark can be used to make exceptions to exclusions. The following is an example.

dockerignore file that uses this mechanism:. All markdown files except README. md are excluded from the context. The placement of! exception rules influences the behavior: the last line of the. dockerignore that matches a particular file determines whether it is included or excluded. Consider the following example:.

No markdown files are included in the context except README files other than README-secret. All of the README files are included. The middle line has no effect because! md matches README-secret. md and comes last. You can even use the. dockerignore file to exclude the Dockerfile and. dockerignore files. These files are still sent to the daemon because it needs them to do its job.

But the ADD and COPY instructions do not copy them to the image. Finally, you may want to specify which files to include in the context, rather than which to exclude. exception patterns. For historical reasons, the pattern. is ignored. The FROM instruction initializes a new build stage and sets the Base Image for subsequent instructions. As such, a valid Dockerfile must start with a FROM instruction. The image can be any valid image — it is especially easy to start by pulling an image from the Public Repositories.

The optional --platform flag can be used to specify the platform of the image in case FROM references a multi-platform image. By default, the target platform of the build request is used. FROM instructions support variables that are declared by any ARG instructions that occur before the first FROM.

To use the default value of an ARG declared before the first FROM use an ARG instruction without a value inside of a build stage:. The RUN instruction will execute any commands in a new layer on top of the current image and commit the results.

The resulting committed image will be used for the next step in the Dockerfile. The exec form makes it possible to avoid shell string munging, and to RUN commands using a base image that does not contain the specified shell executable.

The default shell for the shell form can be changed using the SHELL command. For example, consider these two lines:.

If the image previously used an older version, specifying the new one causes a cache bust of apt-get update and ensures the installation of the new version. Copyright C - Atea Ataroa Limited. Below is a well-formed RUN instruction that demonstrates all the apt-get recommendations. Walls are thin, so you hear everything from the outside, but u are literally in centre of Dublin. Percentages may not add up to due to rounding. The EXPOSE instruction informs Docker that the container listens on the specified network ports at runtime. rw , readwrite.

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