Search optimization can be expensive to maintain, especially if the data in the table changes frequently. For more information, see Managing the Costs of the Search Optimization Service. If you try to add search optimization on a materialized view, Snowflake returns an error message. Preview Feature — Open. The ON clause is part of a preview feature that is available to all accounts that are Enterprise Edition or higher. Specifies that you want to configure search optimization for specific columns or VARIANT fields rather than the entire table.

Predicates that match substrings and regular expressions e. Columns of numerical, string, binary, and VARIANT data types, including paths to fields in VARIANTs. To specify a VARIANT field, use a colon-delimited path to the field e. When you specify a VARIANT field, the configuration applies to all nested fields under that field.

For example, suppose that you specify ON EQUALITY src:a. This configuration can improve queries on src:a. b and on any nested fields e.

c , src:a. d , etc. This configuration does not affect queries that do not use the src:a. b prefix e. src:a , src:z , etc. Note that you cannot specify both an asterisk and specific column names for a given search method. However, you can specify an asterisk in different search methods.

To specify more than one search method on a target, use a comma to separate each subsequent method and target:. For example, suppose that you run the following commands:. This adds equality predicates for the columns c1, c2, c3, and c4 to the configuration for the table. This is equivalent to running the command:. For examples, see Configuring Search Optimization for Specific Columns. Removes search optimization for the entire table or, if you specify the optional ON clause, from specific columns.

If a table has the search optimization property, then dropping the table and undropping it preserves the search optimization property. Removing the search optimization property from a table and then adding it back incurs the same cost as adding it the first time. Specifies that you want to drop the search optimization configuration for specific columns or VARIANT fields rather than dropping search optimization for the entire table.

Use the syntax described earlier. Specifying the column name drops all expressions for that column, including expressions that use VARIANT fields in the column. You can specify any combination of search methods with targets, column names, and expression IDs.

For examples, see Dropping Search Optimization for Specific Columns. Format type options are used for loading data into and unloading data out of tables. When loading data, specifies the current compression algorithm for the data file. Snowflake uses this option to detect how an already-compressed data file was compressed so that the compressed data in the file can be extracted for loading.

When loading data, compression algorithm detected automatically, except for Brotli-compressed files, which cannot currently be detected automatically. When unloading data, files are automatically compressed using the default, which is gzip. When loading data, indicates that the files have not been compressed. When unloading data, specifies that the unloaded files are not compressed.

One or more singlebyte or multibyte characters that separate records in an input file data loading or unloaded file data unloading. Accepts common escape sequences or the following singlebyte or multibyte characters:. The specified delimiter must be a valid UTF-8 character and not a random sequence of bytes. Also note that the delimiter is limited to a maximum of 20 characters. Also accepts a value of NONE. New line character. One or more singlebyte or multibyte characters that separate fields in an input file data loading or unloaded file data unloading.

Specifies the extension for files unloaded to a stage. Accepts any extension. The user is responsible for specifying a file extension that can be read by any desired software or services. null, meaning the file extension is determined by the format type:. If the SINGLE copy option is TRUE , then the COPY command unloads a file without a file extension by default. Boolean that specifies to skip any blank lines encountered in the data files; otherwise, blank lines produce an end-of-record error default behavior.

Defines the format of date values in the data files data loading or table data unloading. Defines the format of time values in the data files data loading or table data unloading. Defines the format of timestamp values in the data files data loading or table data unloading. Defines the encoding format for binary input or output.

The option can be used when loading data into or unloading data from binary columns in a table. A singlebyte character string used as the escape character for enclosed or unenclosed field values.

An escape character invokes an alternative interpretation on subsequent characters in a character sequence. Specifies the escape character for enclosed fields only.

This file format option supports singlebyte characters only. Note that UTF-8 character encoding represents high-order ASCII characters as multibyte characters. If your data file is encoded with the UTF-8 character set, you cannot specify a high-order ASCII character as the option value. A singlebyte character string used as the escape character for unenclosed field values only. The escape character can also be used to escape instances of itself in the data.

As a result, the load operation treats this row and the next row as a single row of data. To avoid this issue, set the value to NONE. If ESCAPE is set, the escape character set for that file format option overrides this option. For example, if your external database software encloses fields in quotes, but inserts a leading space, Snowflake reads the leading space rather than the opening quotation character as the beginning of the field i.

the quotation marks are interpreted as part of the string of field data. Set this option to TRUE to remove undesirable spaces during the data load.

Note that any spaces within the quotes are preserved. the brackets in this example are not loaded; they are used to demarcate the beginning and end of the loaded strings. Character used to enclose strings. Value can be NONE , single quote character ' , or double quote character ".

To use the single quote character, use the octal or hex representation 0x27 or the double single-quoted escape ''. When a field contains this character, escape it using the same character. For example, if the value is the double quote character and a field contains the string A "B" C , escape the double quotes as follows:. A ""B"" C. When loading data, Snowflake replaces these values in the data load source with SQL NULL. To specify more than one string, enclose the list of strings in parentheses and use commas to separate each value.

Note that Snowflake converts all instances of the value to NULL, regardless of the data type. For example, if 2 is specified as a value, all instances of 2 as either a string or number are converted.

Boolean that specifies whether to generate a parsing error if the number of delimited columns i. fields in an input file does not match the number of columns in the corresponding table.

If set to FALSE , an error is not generated and the load continues. If the file is successfully loaded:. If the input file contains records with more fields than columns in the table, the matching fields are loaded in order of occurrence in the file and the remaining fields are not loaded. If the input file contains records with fewer fields than columns in the table, the non-matching columns in the table are loaded with NULL values.

This option assumes all the records within the input file are the same length i. a file containing records of varying length return an error regardless of the value specified for this parameter. When transforming data during loading i. using a query as the source for the COPY command , this option is ignored. There is no requirement for your data files to have the same number and ordering of columns as your target table.

Boolean that specifies whether to replace invalid UTF-8 characters with the Unicode replacement character �. If set to TRUE , Snowflake replaces invalid UTF-8 characters with the Unicode replacement character.

If set to FALSE , the load operation produces an error when invalid UTF-8 character encoding is detected. When loading data, specifies whether to insert SQL NULL for empty fields in an input file, which are represented by two successive delimiters e. If set to FALSE , Snowflake attempts to cast an empty field to the corresponding column type.

An empty string is inserted into columns of type STRING. For other column types, the COPY command produces an error.

Boolean that specifies whether to skip the BOM byte order mark , if present in a data file. A BOM is a character code at the beginning of a data file that defines the byte order and encoding form. If set to FALSE , Snowflake recognizes any BOM in data files, which could result in the BOM either causing an error or being merged into the first column in the table. String constant that specifies the character set of the source data when loading data into a table.

For loading data from delimited files CSV, TSV, etc. For loading data from all other supported file formats JSON, Avro, etc. Snowflake stores all data internally in the UTF-8 character set. The data is converted into UTF-8 before it is loaded into Snowflake.

Defines the format of date string values in the data files. Loading JSON data into separate columns by specifying a query in the COPY statement i. COPY transformation. Defines the format of time string values in the data files. Defines the format of timestamp string values in the data files.

Defines the encoding format for binary string values in the data files. The option can be used when loading data into binary columns in a table. String used to convert to and from SQL NULL. Snowflake replaces these strings in the data load source with SQL NULL. Boolean that specifies to allow duplicate object field names only the last one will be preserved. Boolean that instructs the JSON parser to remove outer brackets i.

Boolean that instructs the JSON parser to remove object fields or array elements containing null values. For example, when set to TRUE :. The copy option performs a one-to-one character replacement. Boolean that specifies whether UTF-8 encoding errors produce error conditions. This copy option removes all non-UTF-8 characters during the data load, but there is no guarantee of a one-to-one character replacement.

When loading data, compression algorithm detected automatically. Supports the following compression algorithms: Brotli, gzip, Lempel-Ziv-Oberhumer LZO , LZ4, Snappy, or Zstandard v0.

When unloading data, unloaded files are compressed using the Snappy compression algorithm by default. When unloading data, files are compressed using the Snappy algorithm by default. If unloading data to LZO-compressed files, specify this value.

You can optionally specify this value. AUTO Unloaded files are compressed using the Snappy compression algorithm by default. SNAPPY May be specified if unloading Snappy-compressed files.

NONE When loading data, indicates that the files have not been compressed. Boolean that specifies whether to interpret columns with no defined logical data type as UTF-8 text. When set to FALSE , Snowflake interprets these columns as binary data. Boolean that specifies whether the XML parser preserves leading and trailing spaces in element content. Boolean that specifies whether the XML parser strips out the outer XML element, exposing 2nd level elements as separate documents.

Boolean that specifies whether the XML parser disables recognition of Snowflake semi-structured data tags. Boolean that specifies whether the XML parser disables automatic conversion of numeric and Boolean values from text to native representation.

Boolean that specifies whether to skip any BOM byte order mark present in an input file. Copy options are used for loading data into and unloading data out of tables. You can specify one or more of the following copy options separated by blank spaces, commas, or new lines :. The default value is appropriate in common scenarios, but is not always the best option. Continue to load the file if errors are found. The COPY statement returns an error message for a maximum of one error found per data file.

However, each of these rows could include multiple errors. Skipping large files due to a small number of errors could result in delays and wasted credits. When loading large numbers of records from files that have no logical delineation e. the files were generated automatically at rough intervals , consider specifying CONTINUE instead. Skip a file when the number of error rows found in the file is equal to or exceeds the specified number.

Skip a file when the percentage of error rows found in the file exceeds the specified percentage. Note that the load operation is not aborted if the data file cannot be found e.

because it does not exist or cannot be accessed , except when data files explicitly specified in the FILES parameter cannot be found. with either parsing or transformation errors. Parquet and ORC data only. JSON, XML, and Avro data only. When the threshold is exceeded, the COPY operation discontinues loading files.

This option is commonly used to load a common group of files using multiple COPY statements. For example, suppose a set of files in a stage path were each 10 MB in size. Boolean that specifies whether to remove the data files from the stage automatically after the data is loaded successfully.

If this option is set to TRUE , note that a best effort is made to remove successfully loaded data files. If the purge operation fails for any reason, no error is returned currently. We recommend that you list staged files periodically using LIST and manually remove successfully loaded files, if any exist.

Boolean that specifies whether to return only files that have failed to load in the statement result. String that specifies whether to load semi-structured data into columns in the target table that match corresponding columns represented in the data. The column represented in the data must have the exact same name as the column in the table. The copy option supports case sensitivity for column names.

Column order does not matter. The column in the table must have a data type that is compatible with the values in the column represented in the data. For example, string, number, and Boolean values can all be loaded into a variant column. Load semi-structured data into columns in the target table that match corresponding columns represented in the data.

The COPY operation verifies that at least one column in the target table matches a column represented in the data files. If a match is found, the values in the data files are loaded into the column or columns.

If no match is found, a set of NULL values for each record in the files is loaded into the table. If additional non-matching columns are present in the data files, the values in these columns are not loaded.

If additional non-matching columns are present in the target table, the COPY operation inserts NULL values into these columns. These columns must support NULL values. The COPY statement does not allow specifying a query to further transform the data during the load i.

The COPY operation loads the semi-structured data into a variant column or, if a query is included in the COPY statement, transforms the data. Parquet data only. If TRUE , the COPY statement produces an error if a loaded string exceeds the target column length. If FALSE , strings are automatically truncated to the target column length. This copy option supports CSV data, as well as string values in semi-structured data when loaded into separate columns in relational tables.

If the length of the target string column is set to the maximum e. VARCHAR , an incoming string cannot exceed this length; otherwise, the COPY command produces an error. It is provided for compatibility with other databases. It is only necessary to include one of these two parameters in a COPY statement to produce the desired output. If TRUE , strings are automatically truncated to the target column length. If FALSE , the COPY statement produces an error if a loaded string exceeds the target column length.

Note that this option reloads files, potentially duplicating data in a table. Changes to a table are not automatically propagated to views created on that table. For example, if you drop a column in a table, and a view is defined to include that column, the view becomes invalid; the view is not adjusted to remove the column. The space in each micro-partition is not reclaimed until that micro-partition is re-written.

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This page guides the presentation of numbers, dates, times, measurements, currencies, coordinates, and similar items in articles. The aim is to promote clarity, cohesion, and consistency, and to make the encyclopedia easier and more intuitive to use. For numbers, dates, and similar items in Wikipedia article titles, see the "Naming conventions numbers and dates " guideline. Where this manual gives options, maintain consistency within an article unless there is a good reason to do otherwise.

The Arbitration Committee has ruled that editors should not change an article from one guideline-defined style to another without a substantial reason unrelated to mere choice of style; revert-warring over optional styles is unacceptable.

Quotations, titles of books and articles, and similar "imported" text should be faithfully reproduced, even if they use formats or units inconsistent with these guidelines or with other formats in the same article. If necessary, clarify via [bracketed interpolation], article text, or footnotes. For further information see Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Non-breaking spaces and Wikipedia:Line-break handling.

Except on pages that are inherently time-sensitive and updated regularly e. the "Current events" portal , terms such as now , currently , present , to date , so far , soon , upcoming , ongoing , and recently should usually be avoided in favor of phrases such as during the s , since , and in August Wording can usually be modified to remove the "now" perspective: not she is the current director but she became director on 1 January ; not —present but beginning in or since Relative-time expressions are acceptable for very long periods, such as geological epochs: Humans diverged from other primates long ago, but only recently developed state legislatures.

For any given article, the choice of date format and the choice of national variety of English see Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Strong national ties to a topic are independent issues. A date can be given in any appropriate calendar, as long as it is at the minimum given in the Julian calendar or the Gregorian calendar or both, as described below. For example, an article on the early history of Islam may give dates in both Islamic and Julian calendars. Where a calendar other than the Julian or Gregorian is used, the article must make this clear.

The dating method used should follow that used by reliable secondary sources or if reliable sources disagree, that used most commonly, with an explanatory footnote. The guidance above is in line with the usage of reliable sources such as American National Biography , [1] Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , and Encyclopædia Britannica. Where it's not obvious that a given date should be given in Julian alone or in Gregorian alone, consider giving both styles, for example by using {{ OldStyleDate }}.

If a date appears without being specified as Old Style or New Style, tagging that date with {{ which calendar? If an article contains Julian calendar dates after 4 October as in the October Revolution , or if a start-of-year date other than 1 January was in force in the place being discussed, or both, a footnote should be provided on the first usage, explaining the calendar usage adopted for the article.

The calendar usage should be compatible with this guideline. For a person still living : Serena Williams born September 26, is a only where space is limited e. tables and infoboxes; use either born or b. consistently in any given table column. Where birthdate is unknown : John Smith died May 1, or John Smith died only where space is limited, with consistency within any given table column. Or use an en dash: unspaced raids of 30—31 May ; spaced raids of 31 May — 1 June Context determines whether the or hour clock is used.

In all cases, colons separate hours, minutes, and where present seconds, e. Use figures 11 a. or p. rather than words twelve forty-five p. Give dates and times appropriate to the time zone where an event took place. Give priority to the place at which the event had its most significant effects; for example, if a hacker in Monaco attacked a Pentagon computer in the US, use the time zone for the Pentagon, where the attack had its effect.

In some cases, the best solution may be to add the date and time in Coordinated Universal Time UTC. For example:. Eastern Standard Time on January 15, UTC, January Similarly, the term "UTC" is not appropriate for dates before this system was adopted in ; [2] Universal Time UT is the appropriate term for the mean time at the prime meridian Greenwich when it is unnecessary to specify the precise definition of the time scale. Be sure to show the UTC or offset appropriate to the clock time in use at the time of the event, not the modern time zone, if they differ.

The sequence of numbered years in dates runs Information on specific situations is scattered elsewhere on this page. Like date ranges , number ranges and page ranges should state the full value of both the beginning and end of the range, separated by an en dash : pp.

Except in quotations, avoid abbreviated forms such as —11 and —9 , which are not understood universally, are sometimes ambiguous, and can cause inconsistent metadata to be created in citations. These use an unspaced {{ ndash }}:. Markup: {{ val }} and {{ e }} may be used to format exponential notation. Logged-in users can optionally have it rendered in MathML , or in HTML via MathJax ; detailed instructions are at Help:Displaying a formula.

Quantities are typically expressed using an appropriate "primary unit", displayed first, followed, when appropriate, by a conversion in parentheses e. For details on when and how to provide a conversion, see the section § Unit conversions.

The choice of primary units depends on the circumstances, and should respect the principle of " strong national ties ", where applicable:.

Where English-speaking countries use different units for the same quantity, provide a conversion in parentheses: the Mississippi River is 2, miles 3, km long ; the Murray River is 2, kilometres 1, mi long. But in science-related articles, supplying such conversion is not required unless there is some special reason to do so.

In quantities of bits and bytes , the prefixes kilo- symbol k or K , mega- M , giga- G , tera- T , etc. The meaning may be based on a decimal system like the standard SI prefixes , meaning 10 3 , 10 6 , 10 9 , 10 12 , etc. The binary meanings are more commonly used in relation to solid-state memory such as RAM , while the decimal meanings are more common for data transmission rates, disk storage and in theoretical calculations in modern academic textbooks.

The IEC prefixes kibi- symbol Ki , mebi- Mi , gibi- Gi , etc. These coordinates are in degrees , minutes, and seconds of arc.

It also records the coordinates as the primary location of the page's subject in Wikipedia's geosearch API. in which the north and east are presumed by positive values while the south and west are negative ones.

These coordinates are in decimal degrees. Other optional parameters are separated by a pipe " " :. Geographical coordinates on Earth should be entered using a template to standardise the format and to provide a link to maps of the coordinates.

As long as the templates are adhered to, a robot performs the functions automatically. First, obtain the coordinates. Avoid excessive precision. The {{ Coord }} template offers users a choice of display format through user styles , emits a Geo microformat , and is recognised in the title position by the "nearby" feature of Wikipedia's mobile apps and by external service providers such as Google Maps and Google Earth, and Yahoo.

Infoboxes automatically emit {{ Coord }}. For a country, like Botswana , with no source on an exact geographic center, less precision is appropriate due to uncertainty:. Increasing or decreasing the number of decimal places controls the precision. Trailing zeros may be added as needed to give both values the same appearance. Heathrow Airport , Amsterdam , Jan Mayen and Mount Baker are examples of articles that contain geographical coordinates. Generally, the larger the object being mapped, the less precise the coordinates should be.

When adding coordinates, please remove the {{ coord missing }} tag from the article, if present often at the bottom. For more information, see the geographical coordinates WikiProject. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Wikipedia project page. For the WikiProject, see Wikipedia:WikiProject Numbers. For the notability guideline, see Wikipedia:Notability numbers. This guideline is a part of the English Wikipedia's Manual of Style. It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though it is best treated with common sense , and occasional exceptions may apply.

Any substantive edit to this page should reflect consensus. When in doubt, discuss first on the talk page. MOS:NUM WP:MOSNUM.

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See also: Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Quotations.

h or hh. External Table Column Actions extTableColumnAction. ten metres per second squared. Apply a Conditional Masking Policy on a Column. 爆款少儿青少年scratch编程第4课：太阳系 可以直接运行。A53课程制作 爆款爆款少儿青少年scratch编程是包括教程制作完整课程，里面包括教学步骤，教学视频，教学素材，教学课件pdf，教学课件word，课程源码。课程内容大致如下所示：资源:. Modifies one or more properties for a column.

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